Lab Report Essay Assignment Project Paper

Lab Report Essay Assignment Project Paper

Description/Paper Instructions

Lab Report Essay Assignment Project Paper

Separation of a MixtureIntroduction:  This experiment separates a mixture using the physical property of solubility. You will learn decantation and filtration and will use a hotplate to evaporate a liquid.You will use the Law of Conservation of

Mass to check your accuracy.Background:Mixtures are combinations of substances in which the components keep their individual characteristics, can be mixed in variable proportions and can be separated by simple physical means. Contrast

this with the composition of compounds that are inseparable by physical changes.  Some of a mixture’s components have physical properties like melting point, boiling point, or solubility that allow us to selectively remove one component from

the mixture.Then the percentage of each component in the original mixture can be calculated.  Example:A student has a mixture of NaCl(s) and I2(s) weighing 2.75 grams.She heats the mixture, which turns the solid iodine into a purple gas.

The salt remains as a solid.After cooling the salt, it weighs 1.59 g.To find the mass of iodine in the original sample, the student assumes that the difference in mass of the mixture and the salt is the mass of the iodine originally present.Thus:

(2.75 g mixture – 1.59 g salt) = 1.16 g iodine  The percent of iodine in the mixture: (1.16 g iodine / 2.75 g mixture) x 100 = 42.2% iodine in this mixtureTo find the percent of salt in the mixture: (1.59 g salt / 2.75 g mixture) x 100 = 57.8% salt in

the mixtureMaterials: Procedure: WEAR YOUR GOGGLES!  Obtain a sample (approximately 2.0g) of mixture of sand and salt of unknown composition. Record the sample number in your laboratory notebook.Determine the mass of a clean and

dry beaker on a balance to the nearest 0.01 g.Empty all of your sample into the beaker and determine the mass of the beaker and the sample.Measure 25-mL of distilled water in the graduated cylinder and add the water to the beaker with the

mixture. Stir thoroughly with the stirring rod to dissolve the salt. You may want to gently heat this mixture. While salt is very soluble in water, it can take some time for complete dissolution. Heating will speed this up. Determine the combined mass of a watch glass and a piece of filter paper. Record this mass.  Fold the filter paper, as shown in figure below, and fit into the funnel.Place the filter funnel on top of the Erlenmeyer flask. Moisten the filter paper with distilled water from the

bottle and press it to the walls of the funnel, so that it adheres.Filter the mixture by decanting the liquid slowly into the center of the funnel. The liquid filtered through will be collected in the Erlenmeyer flask.Note: Pour the liquid through the

funnel at such a rate as not to overfill the funnel.After all the liquid has been filtered, use two 5 mL portions of water to transfer any sand remaining in the beaker to the filter paper.10. Use three additional 5 mL portions of water to wash the

material on the filter paper. (The first of these is also used to rinse the rubber end of the stirring rod that was used in transferring the sample).After all the water has dripped from the end of the funnel, carefully remove the filter paper from the funnel (without tearing it) and place on the watch glass and place it in the drying oven to dry.When the sample is dry, determine the mass of the watch glass, filter paper and sand, and record in your notebook.Rinse the beaker clean, but not dry,

and pour the liquid from the Erlenmeyer flask into it.Place the beaker on a hot plate and heat carefully to evaporate the water off.GOGGLES ARE MANDATORY – HOT SALT SPLATTERSNote: Take caution not to overheat the beaker and splatter

the salt. To avoid loss ofsample due to spattering, when the water level becomes low, heat at a gentler rateuntil you hear popping sounds. At this time remove the beaker from the hot platecarefully, and return when the popping action has

stopped.Remember to turn off the hot plate when done.When all the water has been evaporated, remove the beaker from the hot plate carefully, and let cool on the bench. Do NOT place the hot beaker directly on the benchtops. Instead place

the beaker on top of a wire gauze. After the beaker has cooled to the touch, determine its mass with the salt, and record this value in your notebook.  Place the beaker on the hot plate again, and carefully heat a few more minutes, watching

closely for signs of excessive spattering.After the second heating, remove the beaker, cool, and determine its mass again. Record in your notebook.Compare the first and second mass obtained for the beaker and the salt. If you have dried your

sample properly, the difference should be within 0.1 g. Use the lower mass value for your calculations.If your values are not within 0.1g of each other, continue drying until two such values are obtained.  Disposal:The sand can be tossed in the

trash and the salt rinsed into the sink.Since there were only two components in the mixture, the percent recovered should equal 100. Any deviation from 100 is an indication of the accuracy of your work.You will write a lab report for this lab.

Your lab report should include:Abstract: State the objective of the lab, the means by which this objective was accomplished and the results obtained. Background: Explain what a mixture is and how the components of a mixture can be

separated. Outline the process used to separate this mixtureData: Reproduce the data table below and incorporate it into your lab report. Analysis: Show the calculations needed to arrive at the percent recovery, the percent sand and the

percent salt in your mixture. Ask your instructor for the actual mixture composition and report your percent error for both the percent salt and the percent sand. Include a brief summary paragraph of the discussion questions at the end of your

lab.Conclusion: Restate your results. If your results deviated from those expected explain what specific errors might have occurred. Your explanation must be aligned with your results. Staple to the back of your report the hand written data

sheet completed in lab and answers to the questions. Name______________________________ UNKNOWN NUMBER :_____________Data Table:*Please show any calculations needed for #’s 8 – 14 below this table.Calculations (make sure to assign

a number to your calculations that corresponds to the data table above)Analysis Questions: (make sure to include your responses to the questions below in your lab report, in the discussion section of your lab report)Many students do not

recover 100% of the original mixture.Describe at least two possible problems that could cause less than 100% recovery of the mixture.A student received a mixture that actually contained 50.0% salt and 50.0% sand.At the end of the

experiment, this student calculated that his sample was composed of 45.2% salt and 54.8% sand. What might he have done (or not done correctly) during the experiment to cause this error in his results?A student obtains the following

data:Mass of evaporating dish 25.87 gMass of dish with mixture sample 28.12 gMass of beaker 146.36 gMass of beaker with dried salt 147.10 g Mass of evaporating dish with dried sand ???However, this student

Lab Report Essay Assignment Project Paper

Lab Report Essay Assignment Project Paper

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