Drugs and Alcohol Abuse Case Study Essay

Drugs and Alcohol Abuse Case Study Essay

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Type	Essay
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Description/Paper Instructions

Drugs and Alcohol Abuse Case Study Essay

Drugs and Alcohol Abuse

Annotated Bibliography

Liberty University

Bennett, T., & Holloway, K. (2018). Drug and Alcohol-Related Crime Among University Students. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 62(14), 4489–4509. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X18769601

This article focus on reasons why drugs and alcohol leads to crime with students. The results determined the approximate prevalence of drug and alcohol-related crime among university students in seven universities in the United Kingdom and to assess whether there are differences between substance users who offend and substance users who do not offend. The results of the study show that 10% of students who used drugs and about the same percentage who used alcohol had committed substance-related crimes in the current academic year. It showed majority of the students who committed crimes were males that went to places like clubs or social events that were away from the school. The outcome gave high statics that students in poor physical or mental health had a higher percentage to comment crimes than student that were not on any influences.

Russell C. Callaghan, Jodi M Gatley, Marcos Sanches, Clare Benny (2016). Do drinking-age laws have an impact on crime? Evidence from Canada, 2009–2013. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 167. 67-74. https: www.elsevier.com/locate/drugalcdep

The authors conducted a study on the minimum legal drinking age and its relation to crime. The study was focus in Canada and Canada has a drinking age of 18. Also, the study removed non-driving crimes because the researchers wanted to focus on a broad range of crime. The data was pulled and analyzed using the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Incident-based Survey, 2009–2013 (Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics (CCJS) Statistics Canada, 2013a)—a national database held and managed by the CCJS Statistics Canada. This information captured 100% of police reports in Canada. The finding of the report concluded that the drinking age restrictions showed an increase in male and female for violent and non-violent crimes, especially disorderly conduct and property crimes. Thus, individual slightly younger than the min drinking age show an increase in all crimes. This is possible related to the Increased levels of hazardous alcohol consumption leads to a greater propensity towards the escalation of violence not only because of the biological effects of alcohol on risk-taking, impaired cognition, emotion regulation, and aggression.

However, the study produced mix results and show no evident of a relation between the minimum legal drinking age legislation and violent crimes

Kathleen Case, Brittani Crook, Melissa B. Harrell ,Steven H. Kelder, Dale S. Mantey , Cheryl L. Perry ( 2017). Subjective experiences at first use of cigarette, e-cigarettes, hookah, and cigar products among Texas adolescents. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 173. 10-16.

The authors conducted a study on the subjective experiences during first time cigarette, e-cigarettes, hookah and cigar products on some Texas teens. The data was from the Texas Adolescent Tobacco and Marketing Surveillance System (TATAMS) for five counties that surround the four largest cities in Texas. The study focus on subjective experiences as it relates to positive or negative feelings. For example, feeling such as Dizziness, Coughing, Sick to Your Stomach, felt a Pleasurable Rush or Buzz, and Felt Relaxed or Good. Results differed by product, however e-cigarette and hookah have fewer negative feelings and thus these products could progress to more nicotine use.

Lindsay R. Duncan, Tamer Fakhouri, David Fiellin, Lynn E. Fiellin, Kimberly D. Hieftje, Benjamin Sawyer ( 2015). Play Forward: A videogame that increases drug, alcohol and sexual risk knowledge in teens. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 146. e277-e278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.09.221

The authors conducted a study on teens knowledge of drug, alcohol and sexual risk (DAS) knowledge using a video game, Play Forward: Elm City Stories. The researchers developed a video game that provided scenarios and information in reference to DAS knowledge. The goal of the study was DAS prevention. The targeted audience was 11-14-year-old teens. The researchers studied the effectiveness on 6 weeks and 3-month follow-up session using a group of teens, one group was a controlled group with no interaction of the game and one group played the game for 6 weeks (2 hr. sessions-twice weekly). The results of the study were that at the 6-week s assessment was the group that was expose to the video game had more knowledge of DAS verse the control group and the results remained at the 3-month assessment.

D.G. Foster, L.J. Ralph, SCM Roberts, S.C. Wilsnack ( 2016). Which women are missed by primary health-care based interventions for alcohol and drug use? Addictive Behaviors. 55. 32-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.12.015

The authors conducted a study on missed health care prevention for alcohol and drug user who were pregnant. There is an invention program called Project CHOICES that seeks to identify women in the preconception period who are considered at risk of an Alcohol-exposed pregnancies (AEP) and deliver brief interventions about the importance of reducing binge or problematic drinking, increasing use of effective contraception, or both. The focus of Project CHOICES was intervention at healthcare setting. The researcher obtain data through studying women seeking pregnancy termination at 30 U.S. facilities between 2008 and 2010. The women were categorized in multiple groups: Turn ways (denied pregnancy termination), Near Limited Termination Group, and First Trimester Group. The participants in the study was asked questions on alcohol and drug use, usual source of care and other social and demographic information such as age, race, ethnicity, employment, public assistance status, previous child…etc. The overall results of the study concluded that 59% of the participants used a regular health provider and they were more likely to be full time employed. Also, that black woman was less likely to use a regular health provider. Ultimately, 40% of woman who experience unintended pregnancies did not have a regular source of health care and thus they would not be reached by the Project CHOICES for various reasons.

Government report shows links between work and drug and alcohol addiction. (2017, January 6). Occupational Health & Wellbeing, (507). Retrieved from http://link.galegroup.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu/apps/doc/A479627612/AONE?u=vic_liberty&sid=AONE&xid=8114e426

The article shows the importance of have jobs aids in place for people who are in rehabilitation process off drugs and alcohol. An independent review into the impact on employment outcomes of drug or alcohol addiction, and obesity, was launched in 2015 and has looked at the role employment plays in improving the wellbeing and self-worth of people with drug and alcohol addiction. In addition, the report proves that with healthy treatment plan in place this will encourage the individual in more positive way to full recovery.

Benjamin H. Han, Joseph J. Palamar (2018). Marijuana use by middle-aged and older adults in the United States, 2015–2016. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 191, 374-381. https: www.elsevier.com/locate/drugalcdep

The authors conducted a study on marijuana use by middle- aged and older adults. The study identified a subgroup based upon age of 1st use of marijuana (prior to 19…etc.) and general marijuana use (ever use, used past year…etc.) and demographic information such gender, race/ethnicity, annual family income, and marital status, and 10 medical diseases to identify correlation. The results of the study concluded that past year (current) marijuana use was 9.0% for adults aged 50–64 and 2.9% for adults aged > 65. The marijuana user age 50-64 is typically a male, not married, with a family income of < $20,000 and more likely to have used marijuana for the first time at or before age 19 and likely to have used other drugs. Basically, the studied identified that the older adults who fit these characteristics might be engaged in potentially risky unhealthy substance use.

Leifheit, K. M., Parekh, J., Matson, P. A., Moulton, L. H., Ellen, J. M., & Jennings, J. M. (2015). Is the association between neighborhood drug prevalence and marijuana use independent of peer drug and alcohol norms? results from a household survey of urban youth. Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 92(4), 773-783. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.liberty.edu/10.1007/s11524-015-9962-3

The cross-sectional data from a household survey of 563 youth aged 15-24 in Baltimore, Maryland. The study population was 88 % African-American. Using gender-stratified, weighted, multilevel logistic regression, we tested whether neighborhood drug prevalence was associated with individual-level marijuana use after controlling for peer drug and alcohol norms. The statics shows that there was a high percentage of males using drugs in their neighborhood versus female falling to peer peruse.

Linton, S. L., Cooper, H. L., Luo, R., Karnes, C., Renneker, K., Haley, D. F., . . . Rothenberg, R. (2016). People and places: Relocating to neighborhoods with better economic and social conditions is associated with less risky drug/alcohol network characteristics among African American adults in Atlanta, GA. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 160, 30-41. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.11.036

The study showed a decline in drug and alcohol usage when moved to better housing conditions. Placing themselves in a better areas helped them over come social disorder by eliminating peer engagement. This study analyzed 7 waves of data (2009–2014) from a predominantly substance-using cohort of 172 African American adults relocated from public housing complexes in Atlanta, GA, to determine whether post-relocation changes in exposure to neighborhood conditions were associated with four network characteristics related to substance use. The study proved that if out are taking out the daily norm of drugs and alcohol. There will be a decrease in activity with proves the area you live in has disadvantages. The people you socialize with have a strong impact on weather you choose to do drugs or alcohol.

Martin, M., Conger, R., & Robins, R. (n.d.). Family stress processes and drug and alcohol use by Mexican American adolescents. Developmental Psychology., 55(1), 170–183. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000629

This journal presented some data relating to the effects of stress of drugs and alcohol as well as substance abuse in Mexican families. The study examines the influence of economic and family stress processes on change in drug and alcohol use in a cohort of 478 Mexican American youth (50.8% female) followed longitudinally beginning in Grade 5 when the youth averaged 10.4 years of age. Adolescents, their mothers (median age 36 at Grade 5), and their fathers (median age 39 at Grade 5) were assessed on economic hardship (Grades 5 through 7), family stress processes (Grades 5 through 9), and adolescent substance use (Grades 7 through 9). During the process reviled there were several reasons that contributed to informed family stress model. This is a time of economic hardship that the families encountered involving emotional distress. Some examples that cause the problems were loss of job, house foreclosure. Not being able to provide good and services leads to increased risk for adolescent substance use.

RUBRIC QUALITY OF RESPONSE NO RESPONSE POOR / UNSATISFACTORY SATISFACTORY GOOD EXCELLENT Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) Zero points:  Student failed to submit the final paper. 20 points out of 50:  The essay illustrates poor understanding of the relevant material by failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant content; failing to identify or inaccurately explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; ignoring or incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning behind them; and/or incorrectly or inappropriately using terminology; and elements of the response are lacking. 30 points out of 50:  The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately.  Elements of the required response may also be lacking. 40 points out of 50:  The essay illustrates solid understanding of the relevant material by correctly addressing most of the relevant content; identifying and explaining most of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology; explaining the reasoning behind most of the key points/claims; and/or where necessary or useful, substantiating some points with accurate examples.  The answer is complete. 50 points:  The essay illustrates exemplary understanding of the relevant material by thoroughly and correctly addressing the relevant content; identifying and explaining all of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology explaining the reasoning behind key points/claims and substantiating, as necessary/useful, points with several accurate and illuminating examples.  No aspects of the required answer are missing. 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And/or there is a significant use of highly questionable sources. 15 out 20 points:  Credible Scholarly sources are used effectively support claims and are, for the most part, clear and fairly represented.  APA 6th Edition is used with only a few minor errors.  There are minor errors in reference and/or citations. And/or there is some use of questionable sources. 20 points:  Credible scholarly sources are used to give compelling evidence to support claims and are clearly and fairly represented.  APA 6th Edition format is used accurately and consistently. The student uses above the maximum required references in the development of the assignment. Grammar (worth maximum of 20% of total points) Zero points:  Student failed to submit the final paper. 5 points out of 20:  The paper does not communicate ideas/points clearly due to inappropriate use of terminology and vague language; thoughts and sentences are disjointed or incomprehensible; organization lacking; and/or numerous grammatical, spelling/punctuation errors  10 points out 20:  The paper is often unclear and difficult to follow due to some inappropriate terminology and/or vague language; ideas may be fragmented, wandering and/or repetitive; poor organization; and/or some grammatical, spelling, punctuation errors 15 points out of 20:  The paper is mostly clear as a result of appropriate use of terminology and minimal vagueness; no tangents and no repetition; fairly good organization; almost perfect grammar, spelling, punctuation, and word usage. 20 points:  The paper is clear, concise, and a pleasure to read as a result of appropriate and precise use of terminology; total coherence of thoughts and presentation and logical organization; and the essay is error free. Structure of the Paper (worth 10% of total points) Zero points:  Student failed to submit the final paper. 3 points out of 10: Student needs to develop better formatting skills. The paper omits significant structural elements required for and APA 6th edition paper. Formatting of the paper has major flaws. The paper does not conform to APA 6th edition requirements whatsoever. 5 points out of 10: Appearance of final paper demonstrates the student’s limited ability to format the paper. There are significant errors in formatting and/or the total omission of major components of an APA 6th edition paper. They can include the omission of the cover page, abstract, and page numbers. Additionally the page has major formatting issues with spacing or paragraph formation. Font size might not conform to size requirements.  The student also significantly writes too large or too short of and paper 7 points out of 10: Research paper presents an above-average use of formatting skills. The paper has slight errors within the paper. This can include small errors or omissions with the cover page, abstract, page number, and headers. There could be also slight formatting issues with the document spacing or the font Additionally the paper might slightly exceed or undershoot the specific number of required written pages for the assignment. 10 points: Student provides a high-caliber, formatted paper. This includes an APA 6th edition cover page, abstract, page number, headers and is double spaced in 12’ Times Roman Font. Additionally, the paper conforms to the specific number of required written pages and neither goes over or under the specified length of the paper.
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