Inferential statistics

Inferential statistics

Order ID	53563633773
Type	Essay
Writer Level	Masters
Style	APA
Sources/References	4
Perfect Number of Pages to Order	5-10 Pages

Description/Paper Instructions

Inferential statistics

Inferential statistics is a branch of statistics that deals with making conclusions or inferences about a population based on a sample of data collected from that population. In this sense, it can be seen as a way of generalizing from a sample to a larger population.

Inferential statistics involves the use of probability theory and statistical inference to analyze data and make inferences about the population from which the sample was drawn. The process typically involves several steps, including hypothesis testing, estimation, and model selection.

Hypothesis testing is a fundamental aspect of inferential statistics, and it involves testing a hypothesis about a population parameter based on a sample of data. The null hypothesis is the default assumption that there is no significant difference or relationship between the variables being tested. The alternative hypothesis is the opposite of the null hypothesis and represents the hypothesis being tested. The test statistic is used to determine the likelihood of the observed sample data under the null hypothesis.

Estimation involves using a sample statistic to estimate the value of an unknown population parameter. The most common estimator is the sample mean, which is used to estimate the population mean. Confidence intervals are also used to estimate the range of values that the population parameter is likely to fall within.

Model selection involves choosing the most appropriate statistical model to use when analyzing data. The choice of model depends on the nature of the data being analyzed and the specific research question being asked.

Inferential statistics can be used in a wide range of applications, including scientific research, business, and public policy. For example, inferential statistics can be used to determine the effectiveness of a new drug treatment by comparing the outcomes of a treatment group and a control group. It can also be used to assess the impact of a public policy intervention on a particular population.

There are several key concepts in inferential statistics that are important to understand. One is statistical significance, which refers to the probability of obtaining a result as extreme as the one observed in the sample data, assuming the null hypothesis is true. A result is considered statistically significant if the probability of obtaining it by chance is less than a predetermined level of significance, typically 0.05.

Another key concept is statistical power, which refers to the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false. Power is influenced by several factors, including the sample size, the level of significance, and the effect size.

The effect size is another important concept in inferential statistics. It refers to the magnitude of the difference or relationship between two variables. A large effect size indicates a strong relationship, while a small effect size indicates a weak relationship.

Finally, there are several common inferential statistical tests that are used to analyze data. These include t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation analysis, and regression analysis. Each test has its own set of assumptions and limitations, and the choice of test depends on the nature of the data being analyzed and the specific research question being asked.

In summary, inferential statistics is a powerful tool for making inferences about populations based on samples of data. It involves several key concepts, including hypothesis testing, estimation, model selection, statistical significance, statistical power, effect size, and common inferential statistical tests. By using these tools and concepts, researchers and analysts can make informed decisions and draw valid conclusions about the populations they are studying.

Inferential statistics

RUBRIC QUALITY OF RESPONSE NO RESPONSE POOR / UNSATISFACTORY SATISFACTORY GOOD EXCELLENT Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) Zero points:  Student failed to submit the final paper. 20 points out of 50:  The essay illustrates poor understanding of the relevant material by failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant content; failing to identify or inaccurately explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; ignoring or incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning behind them; and/or incorrectly or inappropriately using terminology; and elements of the response are lacking. 30 points out of 50:  The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately.  Elements of the required response may also be lacking. 40 points out of 50:  The essay illustrates solid understanding of the relevant material by correctly addressing most of the relevant content; identifying and explaining most of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology; explaining the reasoning behind most of the key points/claims; and/or where necessary or useful, substantiating some points with accurate examples.  The answer is complete. 50 points:  The essay illustrates exemplary understanding of the relevant material by thoroughly and correctly addressing the relevant content; identifying and explaining all of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology explaining the reasoning behind key points/claims and substantiating, as necessary/useful, points with several accurate and illuminating examples.  No aspects of the required answer are missing. Use of Sources (worth a maximum of 20% of the total points). Zero points:  Student failed to include citations and/or references. Or the student failed to submit a final paper. 5 out 20 points:  Sources are seldom cited to support statements and/or format of citations are not recognizable as APA 6th Edition format. There are major errors in the formation of the references and citations. And/or there is a major reliance on highly questionable. The Student fails to provide an adequate synthesis of research collected for the paper. 10 out 20 points:  References to scholarly sources are occasionally given; many statements seem unsubstantiated.  Frequent errors in APA 6th Edition format, leaving the reader confused about the source of the information. There are significant errors of the formation in the references and citations. And/or there is a significant use of highly questionable sources. 15 out 20 points:  Credible Scholarly sources are used effectively support claims and are, for the most part, clear and fairly represented.  APA 6th Edition is used with only a few minor errors.  There are minor errors in reference and/or citations. And/or there is some use of questionable sources. 20 points:  Credible scholarly sources are used to give compelling evidence to support claims and are clearly and fairly represented.  APA 6th Edition format is used accurately and consistently. The student uses above the maximum required references in the development of the assignment. Grammar (worth maximum of 20% of total points) Zero points:  Student failed to submit the final paper. 5 points out of 20:  The paper does not communicate ideas/points clearly due to inappropriate use of terminology and vague language; thoughts and sentences are disjointed or incomprehensible; organization lacking; and/or numerous grammatical, spelling/punctuation errors  10 points out 20:  The paper is often unclear and difficult to follow due to some inappropriate terminology and/or vague language; ideas may be fragmented, wandering and/or repetitive; poor organization; and/or some grammatical, spelling, punctuation errors 15 points out of 20:  The paper is mostly clear as a result of appropriate use of terminology and minimal vagueness; no tangents and no repetition; fairly good organization; almost perfect grammar, spelling, punctuation, and word usage. 20 points:  The paper is clear, concise, and a pleasure to read as a result of appropriate and precise use of terminology; total coherence of thoughts and presentation and logical organization; and the essay is error free. Structure of the Paper (worth 10% of total points) Zero points:  Student failed to submit the final paper. 3 points out of 10: Student needs to develop better formatting skills. The paper omits significant structural elements required for and APA 6th edition paper. Formatting of the paper has major flaws. The paper does not conform to APA 6th edition requirements whatsoever. 5 points out of 10: Appearance of final paper demonstrates the student’s limited ability to format the paper. There are significant errors in formatting and/or the total omission of major components of an APA 6th edition paper. They can include the omission of the cover page, abstract, and page numbers. Additionally the page has major formatting issues with spacing or paragraph formation. Font size might not conform to size requirements.  The student also significantly writes too large or too short of and paper 7 points out of 10: Research paper presents an above-average use of formatting skills. The paper has slight errors within the paper. This can include small errors or omissions with the cover page, abstract, page number, and headers. There could be also slight formatting issues with the document spacing or the font Additionally the paper might slightly exceed or undershoot the specific number of required written pages for the assignment. 10 points: Student provides a high-caliber, formatted paper. This includes an APA 6th edition cover page, abstract, page number, headers and is double spaced in 12’ Times Roman Font. Additionally, the paper conforms to the specific number of required written pages and neither goes over or under the specified length of the paper.
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