World Population Prospects 2006 Revision Case Assignment

World Population Prospects 2006 Revision Case Assignment

Order ID	53563633773
Type	Essay
Writer Level	Masters
Style	APA
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Perfect Number of Pages to Order	5-10 Pages

Description/Paper Instructions

World Population Prospects 2006 Revision Case Assignment

Indonesia

Pakistan

Brazil

Nigeria

Year

FIGURE 4 Youth Ages 15–24 Years, 1980–2015

(As percentage of all population)

Percentage

Source: UN Population Division, World Population Prospects 2006 Revision

The many factors at the interface of human population growth and disease were explored in a 2007 paper in Human Ecology, and included health hazards such as poor vector control and sanitation, water and food contamination, air pol- lution, natural disasters, and chemical pollution.94

Thus, the impact of population growth goes far beyond the issues covered here. But again, population is the root from which all issues and concerns are developed, and represents the obvious starting point in addressing realistic and practical resolutions.

Summary

The purpose of this paper has been to show the connections between popu- lation growth and several key, broad-ranging topical issues, whether meeting the Millennium Development Goals, resolving issues of climate change, addressing shortages of water and food, or examining aspects of global security. These con- nections are at times understood to various degrees by decision-makers, while at other times population has been overlooked or ignored.

A focus on population growth and international family planning program- ming, including commodities, distribution, and education, should be a part of any resolutions discussed for the myriad problems reviewed in this report. Family plan- ning is one of the most proven and most cost-effective components for reaching real solutions to many of the world’s more pressing problems.

It is recognized that reproductive health and family planning issues are complex and involve history, politics, local agendas, ethics, cultural norms and values, power relations, health, women’s and human rights, economics, poverty, education and myriad other components and realities. All are urgent, and effective programs must include a comprehensive understanding of all issues.

Sexual and reproductive health, particularly family planning, is not a pana- cea in stabilizing global pressures. It also does not operate in a vacuum, any more than the other issues described. The potential solutions to each are also inextricably bound to each other. But as a component, population stability is a necessary and critical step in the effort to secure a positive future for all the earth’s citizens; more- over, it is the key theme that binds them all.

There is reason for hope. Countries in which family planning is a routine part of health care have stabilized their populations, seen economic growth and political stability, and have provided education and health care for a greater share of their population. Tunisia, Egypt, Indonesia, and Mexico are just a few success stories for international family planning efforts.

Ultimately, the decisions of individual women will determine population growth. Given modern family planning knowledge, options, and access, women limit the size and spacing of their families. How well the world responds in provid- ing information, education and supplies to those in need will be the key to manag- ing the numerous, potential threats of the modern era.

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Endnotes 1 Kornblut, Anne K., “In His Wife’s Campaign, Bill Clinton is a Free Agent,” Washington Post, A1, October 29, 2007. 2 Population Reference Bureau, 2007 World Population Data Sheet. 3 United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Population Prospects: The

2004 Revision Highlights. New York: United Nations, 2005, p. vi. 4 Flavin, Christopher, Worldwatch Institute mailing, October, 2006. 5 APPG, Return of the Population Growth Factor: Its impact upon the millennium development goals. London: Report

of Hearings by the All Party Parliamentary Group on Population, Development and Reproductive Health, January 2007, pp. 12-13.

6 Sedgh, Gilda, Rubina Hussain, Akinrinola Bankole, and Susheela Singh, Women with an Unmet Need for Contraception in Developing Countries and Their Reasons for Not Using a Method, Occasional Report No. 37, Guttmacher Institute, June 2007.

7 Ottaway, Richard. Return of the Population Growth Factor: Its impact upon the millennium development goals. London: Report of Hearings by the All Party Parliamentary Group on Population, Development and Reproductive Health, January 2007, p. 8.

8 Dixon-Mueller, Ruth, Population Policy and Women’s Rights: Transforming Reproductive Choice, Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers, 1993, p. xii.

9 Westoff, Charles F., New Estimates of Unmet Need and the Demand for Family Planning. DHS Comprehensive Reports No. 14. Calverton, MD: Macro International Inc., December 2006.

10 Ibid, p. 51. 11 Sedgh et al., 2007, p. 5. 12 Ross, John A. and William L. Winfrey, “Unmet Need for Contraception in the Developing World and the Former

Soviet Union: An Upgraded Estimate,” International Family Planning Perspectives, 28(3), September 2002. 13 World Health Organization, “Promoting Family Planning,” WHO website, www.who.int/reproductive-health/family_

planning/index.html,” October 2007. 14 Katz, Rachel, Securing a Bright Future: Youth Sexual and Reproductive Health in Developing Countries, 21st

Century Papers, Washington, DC: Population Institute, Number 2, 2006, p.3. 15 Population Action International, “Why the US Should Support Family Planning Overseas,” Fact Sheet 16, June 1,

2003. 16 RH Supply Initiative, “Kparigu: Impact of RH Supplies Stockout,” Country Stories-Ghana, http://www.rhsupplies.

org/pdfs/Ghana_Kparigu.pdf, undated. 17 Sonfield, Adam, “Working to Eliminate the World’s Unmet Need for Contraception,” Guttmacher Policy Review,

Volume 9(1), Winter 2006. 18 World Health Organization, World Health Report: Make Every Mother and Child Count, 2005, Chapter Three. 19 Sonfield, 2006. 20 Katz 2006, p. 29. 21 Sonfield, 2006. 22 Ottaway, 2007, p. 4. 23 Ibid, pp.3-4. 24 Ibid, p. 9. 25 APPG report, p. 21. 26 Ibid. 27 APPG report, p. 29. 28 United Nations Population Division, World Population Prospects 2006 Revision. 29 United Nations Children’s Fund 2005 Annual Report, accessed via website at www.unicef.org/about/

annualreport/2005/mdgs/msg23.html, October 2007. 30 APPG report, p. 29. 31 Devarajan, Shantayanan, Margaret J. Miller and Eric V. Swanson, “Goals for Development: History, Prospects and

Costs,” Policy Research Working Paper 2819, Washington, DC: World Bank Human Development Network, April 2002.

32 Bruns, Barbara, Alain Mingat, and Ramahatra Rakotomalala, “Achieving Universal Primary Education by 2015: A Chance for Every Child,” Washington, DC: World Bank, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 2003, pp. 13-14.

33 Bruns et al., 2003, p. 4. 34 UNICEF, 2007. 35 APPG report, p. 33. 36 World Health Organization, Maternal Mortality in 2005: Estimates Developed by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, and The

World Bank, Geneva: WHO, 2007. 37 Americans for UNFPA website, http://www.americansforunfpa.org/NetCommunity/Page.aspx?&pid=332&srcid=586,

November 2007. 38 UNFPA, “Maternal Mortality in 2005,” 2007. 39 World Bank/IDA website, 2007.

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40 World Bank/LICUS Initiative website, 2007. 41 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Development Co-operation Directorate, Development

Assistance Committee, “Fragile States: Policy Commitment and Principles for Good International Engagement in Fragile States and Situations,” DCD/DAC (2007) 29, March 20, 2007.

42 Fund for Peace and Foreign Policy Magazine, “The Failed States Index 2007,” July/August 2007, from the Foreign Policy website, October 2007.

43 Associated Press, March 2, 2007, Washington, DC. 44 Stern Review: The Economics of Climate Change. 45 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability,

Summary For Policymakers, Working Group 2 report, 2001, p. 5. 46 Clover, Charles, “We Need Fewer to Halt Global Warming,” Telegraph, interview with Chris Rapley, July 24, 2007,

Telegraph Media Group Limited. 47 Rapley, Chris, “Earth is too Crowded for Utopia,” The Green Room, BBC website, January 6, 2006, found at http://

news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4584572.stm. 48 Ibid. 49 Feeney, John, “When Environmental Writers are Part of the Problem,” July 2007, from the Dissident Voice website,

http://www.dissidentvoice.org/2007/07/when-environmental-writers-are-part-of-the-problem/, retrieved October 2007. See also http://growthmadness.org/.

50 Chefurka, Paul. “Peak Oil, Carrying Capacity and Overshoot: Population, the Elephant in the Room,” website article found at http://www.paulchefurka.ca/Population.html, October, 2007.

51 Financial Express, “India to be World’s Third Largest Car Market: Study,” Mumbai: Indian Express Newspapers, Ltd., http://www.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=59286, December 1, 2005.

52 ACNielsen, “Consumers in Asia Pacific: Car Ownership and Purchase Intentions,” Australia: A.C. Nielsen Company, http://www.acnielsen.com/asiapacific, March 2005.

53 Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, “China now no. 1 in CO2 emissions; USA in second position,” http://www.mnp.nl/en/service/pressreleases/2007/20070619Chinanowno1inCO2emissionsUSAinsecondposition.html, June 19, 2007.

54 Financial Express, “India to be World’s Third Largest Car Market: Study,” Mumbai: Indian Express Newspapers, Ltd., http://www.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=59286, December 1, 2005.

55 Vaswani, Karishma, “Soaring Energy Demand Sparks Indian Fears,” BBC World Television, http://news.bbc.co.uk/ go/pr/fr/-/1/hi/business/4715980.stm, February 16, 2006.

56 Population Reference Bureau, “2007 World Population Data Sheet,” http://www.prb.org/publications/datasheets/2007 /2007worldpopulationdatasheet.aspx, 2007.

57 Parenti, Christian, “The Fight to Save Congo’s Forests,” The Nation, 285(12):11-17, October 22, 2007. 58 Transparency International, “2006 Corruption Perceptions Index,” http://www.transparency.org/news_room/in_

focus/2006/cpi_2006__1/cpi_table, November 6, 2006. 59 Brown, Jonathan, “Congo’s Pygmies Take on World Bank to Save Rainforest from Loggers,” The Independent, http://

news.independent.co.uk/world/africa/article3061147.ece, October 15, 2007. 60 CNA Corporation, National Security and the Threat of Climate Change, Alexandria, Virginia: The CNA Corporation,

2007. 61 BBC News, “UN Warns of Looming Water Crisis,” http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/1887451.stm, March 22, 2002. 62 MaximsNews.com, “UN Warns Water Will Become the Dominant Global Issue,” http://www.maximsnews.com/107m

nunaugust21waterandsanitationunstatement.htm, August 21, 2007. 63 Chapman, Kevin L., “Fresh Water Scarcity: A Potential Cause for Warfare,” retrieved from website URL http://www.

alt3.co.uk/discussion_files/water.htm, October 2007. 64 Clermont, Florence, Official Development Assistance for Water from 1990 to 2004, World Water Council, March

2006. 65 Ibid, p. 28. 66 Martinez Austria, P. and P. van Hofwegen, (Editors), Synthesis of the 4th World Water Forum, Mexico City:

Comisión Nacional de Agua, World Water Forum, 2006. 67 FAO Newsroom, “Living with Climate Change: Adaptation Strategies Needed to Build Resilience,” FAO website

press release, http://www.fao.org/newsroom/en/news/2007/1000654/index.html, September 10, 2007. 68 United Nations Environment Programme, Global Environment Outlook: GEO 4, http://www.unep.org/geo/geo4/

report/geo-4_report_full_en.pdf, 2007. 69 FAO Newsroom, September 10, 2007. 70 Brown, Lester R., Plan B2.0: Rescuing a Planet Under Stress and a Civilization in Trouble, New York: W.W. Norton

& Company, 2006, p. 166. 71 Rosegrant, Mark W. and Sarah A. Cline, “Global Food Security: Challenges and Policies,” Science, 302

(5652):1917–19, December 12, 2003. 72 Smith, Joel B., Hans-Joachim Schellnhuber, and M. Monirul Qader Mirza, “Vulnerability to Climate Change and

Reasons for Concern: A Synthesis,” in Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Working Group 2 Report, Chapter 19, 2001, p. 938.

73 Pinstrup-Andersen, Per, “The Future World Situation and the Role of Plant Disease,” The Plant Health Instructor, http://www.apsnet.org/education/feature/FoodSecurity/Top.html, 2001.

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74 Haile, Menghestan, quoted in “Climate Change: The Hungry on the Front Line,” World Food Programme website at http://www.wfp.org/english/?ModuleID=137&Key=2542, July 6, 2007.

75 Pinstrup-Andersen, 2001, p. 2. 76 FAO Newsroom, September 10, 2007. 77 Peak Food, “Can Vegetarianism Feed the World?” website at http://peakfood.co.uk/2007/06/08/can-vegetarianism-

feed-the-world/, June 8, 2007. 78 Sample, Ian, “Global Food Crisis Looms as Climate Change and Population Growth Strip Fertile Land,” The

Guardian, August 31, 2007. 79 FAO Newsroom, September 10, 2007. 80 FAO Newsroom, “Sharp Decline Forecast for World Cereal Stocks,” FAO website press release, http://www.fao.org/

newsroom/en/news/2006/1000365/index.html, July 19, 2006. 81 Raloff, Janet, “Global Food Trends,” Science News 163(22), http://www.sciencenews.org/

articles/20030531/food.asp, May 31, 2003. 82 Dugger, Celia W., “As Prices Soar, US Food Aid Buys Less,” The New York Times, September 29, 2007. 83 Dugger, Celia W., “Charity Finds that US Food Aid for Africa Hurts Instead of Helps,” The International Herald

Tribune, http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/08/14/news/food.php, August 14, 2007. 84 FAO Global Information and Early Warning System, “Countries in Crisis Requiring External Assistance,” website at

http://www.fao.org/giews/english/hotspots/index.htm, October 2007. 85 Goldstone, Jack A., “Flash Points and Tipping Points: Security Implications of Global Population Changes,

2005-2025,” paper prepared for the Mackinder Forum, Minster Lovell, UK, March 14-15, 2006, available at http:// www.wilsoncenter.org/events/docs/Goldstone.pdf, p.2.

86 Quoted by columnist Jim Hoagland in the Washington Post, May 12, 2005, p. A21. See http://www.washingtonpost. com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/05/11/AR2005051101765.html.

87 Cincotta, Richard P., Robert Engelman, and Daniele Anastasion, The Security Demographic: Population and Civil Conflict After the Cold War, Washington, DC: Population Action International, 2003, p.46-47.

88 Ibid, p.30. 89 Weiland, Katherine, “Breeding Insecurity: Global Security Implications of Rapid Population Growth,” The 21st

Century Papers, Washington, DC, Population Institute, No. 1, 2005. 90 Cincotta et al., 2003. 91 Goldstone 2006, p. 1. 92 Pellerin, Cheryl, “Concerns Grow About Health Risks Posed by Climate Change,” USINFO, U.S. Department of

State International Information Programs, information website bulletin at http://usinfo.state.gov/xarchives/display. html?p=washfile-english&y=2007&m=October&x=20071025170601lcnirellep0.8121454, October 25, 2007.

93 Bulman, Erica, “WHO Ties Rising Population, New Diseases,” Associated Press, August 24, 2007. 94 Pimentel, D., et al., “Ecology of Increasing Diseases: Population Growth and Environmental Degradation,” Human

Ecology, 35(6): 653-668, December 2007.

Selected Readings Brown, Lester R., Plan B2.0: Rescuing a Planet Under Stress and a Civilization in Trouble, New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2006

Dixon-Mueller, Ruth, Population Policy and Women’s Rights: Transforming Reproductive Choice, Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.

Fund for Peace and Foreign Policy magazine, “The Failed States Index 2007” July/August 2007

Katz, Rachel, “Securing a Bright Future: Youth Sexual Reproductive Health in Developing Countries,” 21st Century Papers, Washington, DC: Population Institute, Number 2, 2006

Martinez Austria, P. and P. van Hofwegen (Editors), Synthesis of the 4th World Water Forum, Mexico City: Comisión Nacional de Agua, World Water Forum, 2006

Population Institute, “World Population Is Now 50% Urban,” Popline, July-August 2007

Population Reference Bureau, 2007 World Population Data Sheet.

Return of the Population Growth Factor: Its impact upon the millennium development goals. London: Report of Hearings by the All Party Parliamentary Group on Population, Development and Reproductive Health, January 2007.

Sedge, Gilda, Rubina Hussain, Akinrinola Bankole, and Susheela Singh, Women with an Unmet Need for Contraception in Developing Countries and their Reasons for Not Using a Method, Occasional Report No. 37, Guttmacher Institute, June 2007

27

Sonfield, Adam, “Working to Eliminate the World’s Unmet Need for Contraception,” Guttmacher Policy Review, Volume 9(1), Winter 2006

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision Highlights. New York: United Nations, 2005

United Nations Population Fund, 2007 State of World Population, United Nations, 2007

Weiland, Katherine, “Breeding Insecurity: Global Security Implications of Rapid Population Growth” 21st Century Papers, Washington, DC, Population Institute, No. 1, 2005

Westoff, Charles F., New Estimates of Unmet Need and the Demand for Family Planning. DHS Comprehensive Reports No. 14. Calverton, MD: Macro International Inc. December 2006

World Health Organization, Maternal Mortality in 2005: Estimates Developed by WHO UNICEF, UNFPA, and The World Bank, Geneva: WHO, 2007

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Millennium Development Goals and Target

Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Target 1: Reduce by half the proportion of people living on less than a dollar a day Target 2: Reduce by half the proportion of people who suffer from hunger

Achieve universal primary education Target 3: Ensure that all boys and girls complete a full course of primary schooling

Promote gender equality and empower women Target 4: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education preferably by 2005, and at all levels by 2015

Reduce child mortality Target 5: Reduce by two thirds the mortality rate among children under fi ve

Improve maternal health Target 6: Reduce by three quarters the maternal mortality ratio

Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases Target 7: Halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS Target 8: Halt and begin to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases

Ensure environmental sustainability Target 9: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programmes; reverse loss of environmental resources Target 10: Reduce by half the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water Target 11: Achieve signifi cant improvement in lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers, by 2020

Develop a global partnership for development Target 12: Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory trading and fi nancial system. Includes a commitment to good governance, development, and poverty reduction—both nationally and internationally Target 13: Address the special needs of the least developed countries Includes: tariff and quota free access for least developed countries’ exports; enhanced programme of debt relief for HIPCs and cancellation of offi cial bilateral debt; and more generous ODA for countries committed to poverty reduction Target 14: Address the special needs of landlocked countries and small island developing States Target 15: Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing countries through na- tional and international measures in order to make debt sustainable in the long term. Target 16: In cooperation with developing countries, develop and implement strategies for decent and productive work for youth. Target 17: In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to affordable essential drugs in developing countries Target 18: In cooperation with the private sector, make available the benefi ts of new technologies, especially information and communications

THE POPULATION INSTITUTE

29

Officers and Directors Gordon DeFriese, Ph.D., Chair Richard Cornelius, Vice Chair John E. Lawson, Jr., JD, MPH, Ph.D., Treasurer Erica Nybro, Secretary Buck Lindsay, At-Large Lawrence Smith, Jr., Ph.D., President Maura Brackett Jack Brandenburg H.E. Anwarul K. Chowdhury Ramona Pando de Cosio Russell Hemenway Vivianne Hiriart H.E. John Karefa-Smart, M.D. Walter Kohn, Ph.D. Leo Morris, Ph.D. George Neavoll Hon. Chuck Tooley Linda Williams, Ph.D. Tim Williams

Public Policy Advisory Committee Jack Brandenburg, Chair Hon. Tom Allen Hon. Barbara Boxer Dorothy Cullman Sarah G. Epstein Kimball Faulkner Hon. Ben Gilman Hon. William H. Gray III Hon. Jim Greenwood Hon. Luis Gutierrez Hon. John F. Kerry Hon. Henry L. Kimelman Hon. Mark Kirk Hon. Jim Leach Hon. Carolyn Maloney Hon. Michael H. Michaud Hon. Connie Morella Stewart R. Mott Hon. Patty Murray Anjum Niaz Hon. Donald M. Payne Hon. Nancy Pelosi Hon. John E. Porter Hon. Tom Sawyer Nathan Schafer Hon. Olympia Snowe Russell E. Train Ted Turner Dr. James D. Watson

The Population Institute (PI) is an international, educational non-profit organization that seeks to reduce population growth. PI strives to achieve a world popula- tion in balance with a healthy global environment. The Institute provides essential leadership to increase awareness of the social, economic, and environ- mental consequences of rapid population growth. PI recruits and trains tomorrow’s population activists, and national membership networks to address population issues. Our programs advance education and activism. The Institute promotes international and U.S. support for voluntary family planning programs.

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Telephone: 202 544-3300 Fax: 202 544-0068

E-mail: web@populationinstitute.org Web Site: www.populationinstitute.org

(All contributions to the Population Institute are tax deductible.)

World Population Prospects 2006 Revision Case Assignment

RUBRIC QUALITY OF RESPONSE NO RESPONSE POOR / UNSATISFACTORY SATISFACTORY GOOD EXCELLENT Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) Zero points:  Student failed to submit the final paper. 20 points out of 50:  The essay illustrates poor understanding of the relevant material by failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant content; failing to identify or inaccurately explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; ignoring or incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning behind them; and/or incorrectly or inappropriately using terminology; and elements of the response are lacking. 30 points out of 50:  The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately.  Elements of the required response may also be lacking. 40 points out of 50:  The essay illustrates solid understanding of the relevant material by correctly addressing most of the relevant content; identifying and explaining most of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology; explaining the reasoning behind most of the key points/claims; and/or where necessary or useful, substantiating some points with accurate examples.  The answer is complete. 50 points:  The essay illustrates exemplary understanding of the relevant material by thoroughly and correctly addressing the relevant content; identifying and explaining all of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology explaining the reasoning behind key points/claims and substantiating, as necessary/useful, points with several accurate and illuminating examples.  No aspects of the required answer are missing. Use of Sources (worth a maximum of 20% of the total points). Zero points:  Student failed to include citations and/or references. Or the student failed to submit a final paper. 5 out 20 points:  Sources are seldom cited to support statements and/or format of citations are not recognizable as APA 6th Edition format. There are major errors in the formation of the references and citations. And/or there is a major reliance on highly questionable. The Student fails to provide an adequate synthesis of research collected for the paper. 10 out 20 points:  References to scholarly sources are occasionally given; many statements seem unsubstantiated.  Frequent errors in APA 6th Edition format, leaving the reader confused about the source of the information. There are significant errors of the formation in the references and citations. And/or there is a significant use of highly questionable sources. 15 out 20 points:  Credible Scholarly sources are used effectively support claims and are, for the most part, clear and fairly represented.  APA 6th Edition is used with only a few minor errors.  There are minor errors in reference and/or citations. And/or there is some use of questionable sources. 20 points:  Credible scholarly sources are used to give compelling evidence to support claims and are clearly and fairly represented.  APA 6th Edition format is used accurately and consistently. The student uses above the maximum required references in the development of the assignment. Grammar (worth maximum of 20% of total points) Zero points:  Student failed to submit the final paper. 5 points out of 20:  The paper does not communicate ideas/points clearly due to inappropriate use of terminology and vague language; thoughts and sentences are disjointed or incomprehensible; organization lacking; and/or numerous grammatical, spelling/punctuation errors  10 points out 20:  The paper is often unclear and difficult to follow due to some inappropriate terminology and/or vague language; ideas may be fragmented, wandering and/or repetitive; poor organization; and/or some grammatical, spelling, punctuation errors 15 points out of 20:  The paper is mostly clear as a result of appropriate use of terminology and minimal vagueness; no tangents and no repetition; fairly good organization; almost perfect grammar, spelling, punctuation, and word usage. 20 points:  The paper is clear, concise, and a pleasure to read as a result of appropriate and precise use of terminology; total coherence of thoughts and presentation and logical organization; and the essay is error free. Structure of the Paper (worth 10% of total points) Zero points:  Student failed to submit the final paper. 3 points out of 10: Student needs to develop better formatting skills. The paper omits significant structural elements required for and APA 6th edition paper. Formatting of the paper has major flaws. The paper does not conform to APA 6th edition requirements whatsoever. 5 points out of 10: Appearance of final paper demonstrates the student’s limited ability to format the paper. There are significant errors in formatting and/or the total omission of major components of an APA 6th edition paper. They can include the omission of the cover page, abstract, and page numbers. Additionally the page has major formatting issues with spacing or paragraph formation. Font size might not conform to size requirements.  The student also significantly writes too large or too short of and paper 7 points out of 10: Research paper presents an above-average use of formatting skills. The paper has slight errors within the paper. This can include small errors or omissions with the cover page, abstract, page number, and headers. There could be also slight formatting issues with the document spacing or the font Additionally the paper might slightly exceed or undershoot the specific number of required written pages for the assignment. 10 points: Student provides a high-caliber, formatted paper. This includes an APA 6th edition cover page, abstract, page number, headers and is double spaced in 12’ Times Roman Font. Additionally, the paper conforms to the specific number of required written pages and neither goes over or under the specified length of the paper.
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